Apartheid Impact on African Women Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Apartheid Impact on African Women - Essay Example Life was so hard but challenging during those times that several documentaries and writings about the time have been made. Such would be the film "South Africa Belongs to us" which focuses on the plight of five women mainly on a wife left in the homelands, a nurse at a family planning clinic, a hospital cleaner who lives in a single-sex hotel, a leader of a squatter's camp and a domestic servant. The black servant in a house owned by whites cannot spend quality time with her children. Thus, separation did not just happen among people with different skin colors but among the members of their race, specifically with their own bloodlines. The same with other female migrant workers who were sort of imprisoned in their workplace as they were not allowed to visit their families. Through apartheid, women during that episode experienced misery while they were away with their loved ones, while some stood as single mothers because of the classification. One of the effects of apartheid then was the destruction of the black family and the existence of displaced families. There is this one woman who lives in one of the unproductive homelands with her more than a dozen children, because she was not allowed to be with her husband who was forced to live in Johannesburg for twenty years. Despite all these, the film depicts of women's battle cry to defy racism. Winnie Mandela, the former wife of Nelson Mandela and one of the women leaders who were interviewed in the movie, symbolizes women power. Among those who also bravely talked in front of the camera were Numisi Kjuzwayo, a young leader of the prohibited Black Consciousness Movement which was against apartheid and Fatimah Meer, an activist. All of these women never stopped opposing the apartheid system no matter what risked their life. A lot of what has done then contributes to what South Africa is at present, that it really belongs to its people. Another film, "Girls Apart" done in the year 1987, shows an interview with two sixteen year old girls, Sylvia who is from Soweto, a town of blackmen, the other is Siska, a rich white girl Johannesburg. Each told the story of their lives in South 3 Africa during the apartheid period, showing how their worlds were apart and that their lives were led according to their skin color. In the film, a picture of apartheid was demonstrated through the contrasts in the lives of the girls. Another documented story about the happenings in South Africa during the apartheid period is illustrated in the book "Not Either An Experimented Doll, The Separate Worlds of Three South African Women". The story is told through the exchange of letters between an Englishwoman named Mabel Palmer and a disturbed teenage girl Lily Moya, who wrote the book herself which was then edited by Shula Marks. Lily, an orphan, looks to Mabel as a mother she never had, pleading to let her go to school in her college. Mabel, on the other hand, gave in to her wish. In fact, she has contributed a lot to the education of South African women. There was this one time when she went out into the winter cold without a jacket just to pay Lily's matriculation. Here in this book, it seeks to show that during the apartheid period, there were still white people who had good hearts to blacks, although Mabel Palmer had a little limitation in her relationship with Lily for fear of the dictations of racial discrimination rules. The third

Oral or written argument Essay Example for Free

Oral or written argument Essay Given that the ideas can not be truly and completely explained by words, one have to recognize that every oral or written argument ever told or explained is inherently subjective. Therefore, every fact described by a human is an opinion, and every opinion is somehow a fact. Thusly, every word should be considered from two points of view: from the point of view of fact and from the point of view of opinion. This relates to the testimony before the court as well. Every judge should realize, that even the most honest person can interpret the facts wrongfully or simply mistake. Moreover, even the judge himself is not free from subjectivity, although the level of objectivity is one of the key factors determining his or her professionalism. Therefore, upon examination of the testimony, a judge has to consider it as one fact and witnesses probable level of subjectivity as another fact. At that it would be useful to classify the questions put before a witness during examination into two groups. Some of the questions are questions of fact (whats happened? ), other questions are questions of opinion (do you think that? ). For sure, the second kind of questions includes a greater extent of subjectivity, although the first kind can not be recognized completely objective as well. In order to find out the truth, all the testimonies have to be reviewed in combination. Neither of the testimonies can be absolutely true and accurate. Only consideration of the testimonies and other proofs in the case would allow a judge to create a more or less straight story of the case. Question 2 As a judge, I have to answer several questions in order to determine whether a person with multiple personality disorder should witness or not. Firstly, I have to find out whether a person can witness at all. In order to do that I would call the experts to examine that personss mental condition and his or her state at the moment. In case the experts recognize, that the person is principally able to provide a valid testimony, I would further doubt his or her possible words and ask myself a second question: how critical the persons testimony is for the case and how can it influence my view of the case. My decision can not be bases solely on the testimony of mentally infringed individual, yet his or her testimony may be usefull for clarification of some circumstances. I would rather rely on such witness to determine the facts, than in case I needed his or her opinion. In case I came to a conclusion, that I still need this witness, I would properly examine him or her in the presence of the experts who would observe the individuals behavior during examination and inform me of possible deviations. Having completed the examination, I would consider how much do the words of the witness conform with other testimonies and proofs in the case. In case I would find no logical controversions, I would consider the words of such witness as a valid testimony. Yet I would keep in mind, that this testimony is provided by a doubdtful witness and critically evaluate this testimony. Works Cited: http://www. boogieonline. com/seeking/know/meaning. html

Lessons of Equality, Understanding, and Tolerance in Disney’s Pocahontas :: Movie Film Essays

Lessons of Equality, Understanding, and Tolerance in Disney’s Pocahontas Introduction [1] The children’s movie Pocahontas is an attempt by Disney to promote racial tolerance, equality, and understanding. Most of this movie is not historically accurate, yet an important message can still be learned using the characters from long ago. The first contact scene between Pocahontas and John Smith (0:28.34) demonstrates the importance of racial tolerance by showing strengths and weaknesses in both characters. By making neither character the sole initiator in this scene, there is no favoritism towards one culture or the other. Disney also uses symbolism in the surrounding environment and music to help support this point. The Exchange of Roles [2] Pocahontas and John Smith exchange the task of being the initiator in the first contact scene. After viewing this portion many times, it is clear that Disney wanted to create a first contact that demonstrates equality among the two cultures. Pocahontas and John Smith both show weaknesses and strengths, which deems neither character to be the superior race. Also, by exchanging the roles, each character is given a chance to show understanding and the desire to create a peaceful contact situation. An important message to children is that understanding is an essential element in creating a peaceful and communicative relationship between cultures and within cultures. [3] The scene begins with Pocahontas in the forest looking down at Smith drinking water at the waterfall. She shows interest in the different looking man and wants a better view. She begins a tiger-like creep towards a new lookout spot at which he catches her reflection in the water. Smith quickly hides and loads his gun so that he can be ready when the Native appears. This situation demonstrates curiosity in both characters as they seemingly â€Å"hunt† each other out. She is portrayed as an animal-like figure, trying to blend in with the surroundings. Disney is trying to show the strong relationship between Native Americans and the environment. Pocahontas’s creep also deems her as being the initial predator and Smith the prey. [4] The next exchanging of roles occurs when Smith jumps out from behind the waterfall to protect himself from any threatening forces. He is perceived as being very aggressive until he sees Pocahontas through the parting fog.

The Early New England and Chesapeake Regions

Numerous things went into the development of the New England and Chesapeake regions. Though both of these societies came from the same background, England, these different groups of people yielded a different way to live. Basic needs and idealistic concepts were two reasons that differentiated New England from the Chesapeake region. Basic needs included anything from food to shelter to education. The new pioneers had enormously varying ideas that they wished to accomplish in the New World. Such ideas involved religious concepts and governmental leadership. Thirdly, why did people come to America? The variation as to why people decided to come to America, was one reason that New England and the Chesapeake region evolved into two distinct communities. The two groups had very different views as to what they wished to accomplish. Documents B and C show a random sample of the sort of people that came to America. Emigrants who arrived in New England were mostly families with several children and their servants. The original people of New England were searching for a quiet place to call home, where they could raise their family apart from religious bias. On the other hand those who were bound for Virginia, mostly single young men, were in search of fortune. In contrast, only a few of these gold seekers were accompanied by family members, and probably knew very few of the other lads joining them on their quest. The men of the Chesapeake region had one basic mindset, and they were intent on finding wealth. This greed led to their own misfortune. In the History of Virginia, even before the settlers departed from England, the idea of the rich versus the poor had developed. There were those who had money and other such things, and those who did not. Those who did not became bitter from the hard trip and jealous of those slight few who struck gold in the New World. As stated by Captain Smith, â€Å"golden promises made all men their slaves in hope of recompenses. † Many of these men referred to as â€Å"slaves† consumed with greed, forgot to take care of their basic needs, food and shelter, therefore many simply died. Both New England and the Chesapeake region realized they had to work together in order to survive and hopefully thrive in the future, but only New England established this at first. On Winthrop†s journey to America he stated in his own words, â€Å"we must be knit together in this work as one man. † He made a point in saying the only way to survive is to support each other. Well, one way to create a community is to find common ground for which the new settlers can relate, in this case they found it in their children. Most of the citizens of New England had children, that is supported by Document B. With a large amount of children, logically there was a need for education. Thus education brought upon the building of schools, which in turn, made the newly founded society work together. Winthrop†s idealization of the unity of society stated that all must rejoice, mourn, labor and suffer together. He created unity among the people. Virginia had no such luck in finding this common ground and unity. They were too busy searching for gold. The Puritans did not consume their time worrying about money as did the Virginians. Their main focus was on setting up a society where they were free from persecution. John Winthrop, a future governor of Massachusetts, wished to establish a religious community in the New World. The Puritan ambition had been to establish an ideal Christian community, a â€Å"city on a hill,† as Winthrop called it, with the eyes of England and the entire world on it. Pride alone, as to not fail, may had been the reason for success. Also government played a huge part in the success of the northern colonies. Almost immediately after arriving in New England, a government was set up. This government was led by the church. The Articles of Agreement set up certain orders that were to be followed. Such orders were to procure a minister that followed all the ways of Christ. Document D suggested that the town of Springfield, Massachusetts, be composed of forty families rich and poor. Unlike the Chesapeake region, Springfield allotted every inhabitant land on which a house could be built, but more importantly, land for planting. Their government has evolved into our democratic government of the present. Although New England and the Chesapeake region had differences, neither society perished. Virginia thrived on wealth and materialistic items, you either had it or you did not. While in the background New England raised their young, trying to teach strong values and pass on their ideas of a better way of living. These first attempts at colonization, laid the foundation of society today. The Early New England and Chesapeake Regions Numerous things went into the development of the New England and Chesapeake regions. Though both of these societies came from the same background, England, these different groups of people yielded a different way to live. Basic needs and idealistic concepts were two reasons that differentiated New England from the Chesapeake region. Basic needs included anything from food to shelter to education. The new pioneers had enormously varying ideas that they wished to accomplish in the New World. Such ideas involved religious concepts and governmental leadership. Thirdly, why did people come to America? The variation as to why people decided to come to America, was one reason that New England and the Chesapeake region evolved into two distinct communities. The two groups had very different views as to what they wished to accomplish. Documents B and C show a random sample of the sort of people that came to America. Emigrants who arrived in New England were mostly families with several children and their servants. The original people of New England were searching for a quiet place to call home, where they could raise their family apart from religious bias. On the other hand those who were bound for Virginia, mostly single young men, were in search of fortune. In contrast, only a few of these gold seekers were accompanied by family members, and probably knew very few of the other lads joining them on their quest. The men of the Chesapeake region had one basic mindset, and they were intent on finding wealth. This greed led to their own misfortune. In the History of Virginia, even before the settlers departed from England, the idea of the rich versus the poor had developed. There were those who had money and other such things, and those who did not. Those who did not became bitter from the hard trip and jealous of those slight few who struck gold in the New World. As stated by Captain Smith, â€Å"golden promises made all men their slaves in hope of recompenses. † Many of these men referred to as â€Å"slaves† consumed with greed, forgot to take care of their basic needs, food and shelter, therefore many simply died. Both New England and the Chesapeake region realized they had to work together in order to survive and hopefully thrive in the future, but only New England established this at first. On Winthrop†s journey to America he stated in his own words, â€Å"we must be knit together in this work as one man. † He made a point in saying the only way to survive is to support each other. Well, one way to create a community is to find common ground for which the new settlers can relate, in this case they found it in their children. Most of the citizens of New England had children, that is supported by Document B. With a large amount of children, logically there was a need for education. Thus education brought upon the building of schools, which in turn, made the newly founded society work together. Winthrop†s idealization of the unity of society stated that all must rejoice, mourn, labor and suffer together. He created unity among the people. Virginia had no such luck in finding this common ground and unity. They were too busy searching for gold. The Puritans did not consume their time worrying about money as did the Virginians. Their main focus was on setting up a society where they were free from persecution. John Winthrop, a future governor of Massachusetts, wished to establish a religious community in the New World. The Puritan ambition had been to establish an ideal Christian community, a â€Å"city on a hill,† as Winthrop called it, with the eyes of England and the entire world on it. Pride alone, as to not fail, may had been the reason for success. Also government played a huge part in the success of the northern colonies. Almost immediately after arriving in New England, a government was set up. This government was led by the church. The Articles of Agreement set up certain orders that were to be followed. Such orders were to procure a minister that followed all the ways of Christ. Document D suggested that the town of Springfield, Massachusetts, be composed of forty families rich and poor. Unlike the Chesapeake region, Springfield allotted every inhabitant land on which a house could be built, but more importantly, land for planting. Their government has evolved into our democratic government of the present. Although New England and the Chesapeake region had differences, neither society perished. Virginia thrived on wealth and materialistic items, you either had it or you did not. While in the background New England raised their young, trying to teach strong values and pass on their ideas of a better way of living. These first attempts at colonization, laid the foundation of society today.

Difference Between Gdp, Gnp and Nnp

Gross domestic product (GDP) is the total market value of all final goods and services produced in an economy in a year or a given time period within a country’s borders (domestic output). This includes all production, both material and intellectual, everything produced by government and private business as well as consumer goods and capital construction. Gross national product (GNP) is the total income earned by a country’s factors of production in a year or a given time period, regardless of where assets are located (nations' output).Net national product (NNP) is the total market value of all final goods and services produced by residents in a country during a given time period. The difference between GDP and GNP is the net foreign income (NFI), which is the difference between factor payments received from the foreign sector by domestic citizens and factor payments made to foreign citizens for domestic production. The â€Å"gross† in GDP and GNP indicates that there is no allowance for depreciation (capital consumption), value lost that occurs to inventory while it sits before being sold or consumed or the amount of capital resources used up in the production process.That is the difference between GDP and NNP. Depreciation (DP) is a reduction in the value of an asset with the passage of time, due to wear and tear. It can include consumption of goods in the production of other goods or services. Examples are the wear and tear that occurs with capital equipment such as machinery, transportation vehicles, office equipment and tools (all of these items eventually wear down and need to be replaced), accidental damage, obsolescence or retirement of capital assets. GDP is most commonly calculated by the expenditure method.It is done by adding consumer expenditure (C) + firm’s investments (I) + government spending (G) + exports minus imports (X-M). GNP is calculated by taking GDP + net property income from abroad (NFI). NNP is calculated b y taking GNP – DP. For example, if a Chinese company operates and earn profits in Australia, the income is included in Australia’s GDP but not China’s GDP. This is because the production took place in Australia. However, the profits earned are included in China’s GNP but not Australia’s GNP.This is because China owns the assets. There is also nominal GDP, which is today’s output at today’s prices and real GDP, today’s output at base-year prices. To calculate real GDP, we take the nominal GDP, use a ‘GDP deflator’ and adjust it for inflation. Inflation is the sustained increase in overall level of prices. This will overstate the value of GDP even if there has not been any increase in economic activity. The GDP deflator is a price index, which includes all good and services, rather than just consumer goods and services.

Voice Viewpoint How to Choose the Right Narrator for Your Novel

Voice Viewpoint How to Choose the Right Narrator for Your Novel How do you choose the right viewpoint and narrator for your novel? Last updated: 07/10/2017We have the chance to work with some exceptionally talented and experienced editors at Reedsy. Kristen Stieffel is one of them: a writer, editor, and writing coach, she specializes in speculative fiction. Today, she shares  her expert advice on viewpoint and narrators. Ever wondered whether you should write your book using first or third person? You need to read this!Viewpoint, also known as point of view or POV, is one of the most complex facets of fiction. It is confusing and misunderstood, so viewpoint errors are among the most common errors editors see in new writers’ manuscripts. Confusion about viewpoint stems from the very words we use to describe it: close third person, limited third person, middle third person †¦ what do they mean? â€Å"Third person† doesn’t say anything about viewpoint. It only says you’re using he and she instead of I. "Viewpoint is not about pronouns. Viewpoint is about character." Think of viewpoint as a camera. Who’s carrying it? You have two choices: give it to a narrator, or give it to one or more characters.The omniscient narratorThe omniscient narrator knows everything and can share anyone’s thoughts at any time. He can, and often does, make value judgments about the characters in the story.Scrooge took his melancholy dinner in his usual melancholy tavern; and having read all the newspapers, and beguiled the rest of the evening with his banker’s-book, went home to bed. He lived in chambers which had once belonged to his deceased partner. They were a gloomy suite of rooms, in a lowering pile of building up a yard, where it had so little business to be, that one could scarcely help fancying it must have run there when it was a young house, playing at hide-and-seek with other houses, and forgotten the way out again.- Charles Dickens, A Christmas CarolThe girl stood up and walked to the end of the station. Across, on the other side, were ï ¬ elds of grain and trees along the banks of the Ebro. Far away, beyond the river, were mountains. The shadow of a cloud moved across the ï ¬ eld of grain and she saw the river through the trees.â€Å"And we could have all this,† she said. â€Å"And we could have everything and every day we make it more impossible.†- Ernest Hemingway, Hills Like White ElephantsThe narrator’s camera is mounted in the room, so we see and hear what’s going on, but we don’t know what the characters are thinking. Just as if we were waiting in the train station with this couple, all we can know is what we see and hear. If this scene were written from the viewpoint of either character, we would know that person’s thoughts. Revealing the thoughts of either one would reveal too much, so Hemingway chooses the impartial objective narrator. This style of narrator is also useful if the writer needs to show something happening- a volcano erupting, a bomb ticking, an asteroid hurtling through space- when no person is there to observe it. Any narrator may hold the camera. But only the omniscient and limited narrators provide commentary, though to differing degrees. The objective narrator is a silent observer, with an unremarkable, almost invisible, prose style. In omniscient viewpoint, and to a lesser extent in limited viewpoint, it’s possible for the narrator to have a distinct personality. I would go so far as to say that in omniscient viewpoint, it is necessary that the narrator persona have a distinct personality, like the narrator of A Christmas Carol.The drawback to all of these is that any narrator puts psychic distance between the reader and the character. The advantage is that you can reveal information not known to the characters, or known to one character but not another. The narrator of A Christmas Carol, for example, tells the reader what other people think of Scrooge- things he cannot know.Remember that your protagonist is not the viewpoint character. He is not carrying the camera. Your narrator h olds the camera, but he’s not a character in the story. He is a persona observing the story.On this other post, we look  at what it means to give the viewpoint completely to the characters.Check out Kristen Stieffel’s profile on Reedsy here! And don’t forget to follow her on Twitter:  @KristenStieffelWhat is your narrator preference when writing (or reading!) fiction? Let us know your thoughts on this, or any question for Kristen, in the comments below!

The Great Gatsby Past Grandeur of the American Dream Essays

The Great Gatsby Past Grandeur of the American Dream Essays The Great Gatsby Past Grandeur of the American Dream Essay The Great Gatsby Past Grandeur of the American Dream Essay Essay Topic: The Great Gatsby The Great Gatsby Is a book staged during the Jazz Age period. It was a time which was also known also as the roaring twenties, after World War l. America was going through a massive change and social reform. The poor and middle class had a chance to rise to be with the much higher class of the social system. It was known as the American Dream. In which where anyone could rise up to wealth. It was also romantic and innocent dream of living the morally perfect life. Unfortunately enough, although it seemingly was a wondrous thing it didnt always end positively. The rise of the middle to the upper class resulted in clashing of values, whether it was moral, ethical, social or economic. The American Dream was quickly lost and twisted under these changed corrupt values. What was known as a pure wish of happiness cascaded down into a twisted struggle of materialistic pride. However, the book, even when pointing out all of Its faults, manages to continually show the past grandeur and brilliance of the showing off nature of the American Dream. It Is evident throughout the book that the American Dream has corrupted. With Gatsby rather Illegal Job and the nature In which romance was more about the money Instead of spiritual fulfillment. However, although not as obvious, hints of the old American Dream was still in there. Especially in weekly parties held at Gatsby estate. The American Dream, with the rise of the middle classes economic status, meant the introduction of parties which were different to usual ones. Parties held between the West and East Egg were evidently very deferent, or more specifically between Gatsby and the East Egg. Gatsby parties were by far much more exaggerated and chaotic. People could Just turn up, many of them without invitation. The only time in which we hear of an invitation existing was when Nick was invited. l believe that on the first night I went to Gatsby house I was one of the few guests who had actually been Invited. People were not Invited they went there He turned up, by himself, chauffeured. This was, to put It bluntly, excessive. Nick lived Just next door, the time spent getting on and off the carriage would have been enough to walk to his neighbors, Gatsby, mansion. Even before entering the gates Nick could see he bustling from within the estate, people chattering and the band playing. The noise and chaos only became the more evident as he actually entered the crowd of people dancing and chatting away. The unruly behavior is further emphasized by the following passage: They conducted themselves according to the rules of behavior associated with an amusement park. Sometimes they came and went without having met Gatsby at all, came for the party with a simplicity of heart that was its own ticket of admission. On top of many of the guests being uninvited, they acted without care as If they were at an open festival Instead of someones privately owned place. To even go as far to not meet, the person who Is holding the party or owns the land, Gatsby. There were even inure orchestras that performed at these parties. Everything was excessively over the top, extravagant, and bustling with noise. To put it simply, it was grand. Gatsby and Daisy. Jay Gats by pursued Daisy with no end. Daisy was actually a major encouragement to Gatsby wish of wealth and social status. Gatsby wasnt all the secretive about his pursuit for Daisy. He hardly knew Nick and asked for his co- operation of inviting Daisy over to help them meet. Even at the dinner with other people they display their affection by openly kissing each other, right in front of them. Its more of a display of bragging that they are so in love than anything. Gatsby goes through much to attract Daisy. He shows off his shirts by throwing them all over the room, impressing Daisy by his immense wealth. Gatsby has a very sort of large sense of care for Daisy. He will basically take care of every one of Daisys needs. He even allows the wish in which Daisy wants to have an affair. He does this in such a manner where it appears as if he is merely showing off his wealth and how he can please a woman, but really he Just cares for Daisy. Its Just that Gatsby is very open about this fact. The American Dream, as corrupt as it was, did contain remnants of its previous grandiose nature. With the extravagant parties and showing off things that others may lack. Keeping these aspects from the old American Dream new qualities have been added, rather negative qualities like the corruption of moral and ethical values and values in general.